Top 20 Rarest Dog Breeds You’ve Probably Never Heard Of

You’ve probably encountered many lists of the most popular dogs, the most family-friendly dogs, the smallest or biggest dogs – but have you ever thought of the world’s rarest dog breeds? Dogs are so ubiquitous and domesticated that it’s easy to forget that some breeds are even endangered, which some breeds on this list are. This might not be the best list if you’re thinking of getting a dog yourself, being the rarest breeds they’re hard to come by, but who’s to say that we can’t admire these beautiful doggos and their rarity. Check out 20 of the rarest dog breeds in the world.

1. Azawakh

Originating from West Africa, the Azawakh is a lean, tall sighthound known for elegant slender build, speed and agility. They were historically used by nomadic tribes for hunting gazelles. Azawakh are highly independent and require experienced owners who can provide them with the necessary exercise and mental stimulation. They’re rare outside their native region and are known for their aloof temperament. The breed was only recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 2019.

2. Mudi

The Mudi hails from Hungary and is an incredibly versatile herding dog. Though it’s skilled in tasks like rounding up sheep and cattle, it’s little known outside its home country. The breed only gained AKC recognition in 2022, and their numbers remain extremely limited, making them a rare find in the U.S.

3. Otterhound

The Otterhound is one of the most endangered dog breeds, with fewer than 1,000 left worldwide. Originally bred for hunting otters in England, this large, shaggy dog is now extremely rare. Despite their low numbers, Otterhounds are known for their playful and friendly nature, making them great family pets.

4. Catahoula Leopard Dog

This striking breed from Louisiana is known for its leopard-like coat and intense herding instincts. Despite its strong ties to U.S. history, the Catahoula Leopard Dog is relatively unknown and remains uncommon. The breed is the official state dog of Louisiana but still remains under the radar nationally.

5. Chinook

The Chinook is a rare American breed developed in the early 20th century in New Hampshire for sledding and drafting. There are only about 800 Chinooks worldwide, making them one of the rarest U.S.-born breeds. Known for their friendly and hardworking nature, they make excellent companions for active families.

6. Norwegian Lundehund

Hailing from the icy shores of Norway, the Norwegian Lundehund boasts a remarkable adaptation for its historical role – puffin hunting. This spitz-type breed possesses six toes on each foot, allowing for superior grip on treacherous cliffs. Even more astounding is their exceptionally flexible neck, which can bend backwards to touch their spine – a trait unseen in any other dog breed. With a playful spirit and a love for adventure, the Norwegian Lundehund can be a fantastic companion for active families. Despite its fascinating history, the breed faced near extinction during World War II and remains extremely rare, with fewer than 1,500 worldwide.

7. Thai Ridgeback

Known for the ridge of hair along its back, the Thai Ridgeback is a unique and ancient breed. Rare outside its native Thailand, the Thai Ridgeback has a history as a guard dog and hunter. The breed’s independence and strong will make it a good fit for experienced dog owners, though it remains rare globally.

8. Lagotto Romagnolo

Originally bred in Italy for truffle hunting, the Lagotto Romagnolo is a curly-coated breed with an excellent nose for scent work. Although they’re starting to gain popularity in the U.S., their numbers are still quite low. Lagottos are known for being intelligent, friendly, and highly trainable, but they remain rare.

9. Xoloitzcuintli

The Xoloitzcuintli, often called the Mexican Hairless Dog, is one of the world’s oldest and rarest breeds, dating back over 3,000 years. They come in three sizes (toy, miniature, and standard) and are known for their loyal nature. Despite their long history, they are still a rare sight outside of Mexico.

10. Telomian

The Telomian is a small and agile breed from Malaysia, originally bred by indigenous tribes to hunt in challenging terrain. They are known for their climbing ability, which is quite rare among dogs. The Telomian remains largely unknown and is not widely available outside Malaysia, making it a rare and elusive breed.

11. Sloughi

The Sloughi is a sleek sighthound from North Africa, often compared to the Greyhound. Bred for hunting game in harsh desert environments, this breed is incredibly fast and resilient. Though recognized by the AKC in 2016, the Sloughi is still a rare breed, with low numbers outside its native region of Morocco and neighboring countries.

12. Cesky Terrier

Hailing from the Czech Republic, the Cesky Terrier is a small, terrier-type breed with a distinctive coat. Their long, silky hair on the body contrasts with the wiry fur on the head, creating a charmingly unkempt appearance. Cesky Terriers were originally bred to hunt small game in the rugged terrain of Bohemia. Today, these rare canines are prized for their gentle temperament, intelligence, and playful spirit, making them delightful companions for apartment dwellers and active families alike.  

13. Catalburun: The Fork-Nosed Dog

The Catalburun, a Turkish pointer breed is known for its fascinating anomaly, a forked or split nose. This unique feature, along with their cat-like appearance, gives them a distinctive look. Catalburuns are known for their excellent sense of smell, making them adept trackers. Despite their hunting heritage, they are also known for their playful and affectionate nature, making them wonderful companions for active families.

14. Bergamasco Sheepdog

The Bergamasco Sheepdog stands out with its one-of-a-kind coat. Comprised of three types of hair, the coat naturally forms felt-like flocks, creating a distinct, rustic look. Originating from Persia’s rugged mountain regions, this ancient sheepdog relied on its unique coat for protection against harsh climates. The Bergamasco is independent but sociable, highly intelligent, and thrives with regular exercise, making it a great companion for active families.

15. Swedish Vallhund

Swedish Vallhunds are versatile and energetic dogs, excelling in activities like obedience, agility, tracking, herding, and flyball. Historically bred as farm dogs for herding, these “small, powerful, and fearless” dogs are both agile and hardworking. Vallhunds come in various coat colors and tail types, ranging from bobtails (no tail) to fully curled tails, adding to their charm and individuality.

16. Skye Terrier

The Skye Terrier is a spirited and dignified breed known for its courage and loyalty. With a compact, agile frame, this terrier was originally bred on Scotland’s Isle of Skye to hunt foxes. Despite its small size, the Skye Terrier is surprisingly strong and exudes elegance. Devoted to its family, this breed can sometimes display a streak of stubbornness, adding to its distinctive personality.

17. Ibizan Hound

The Ibizan Hound is a statuesque sighthound with roots stretching back to ancient times. Recognizable by its sleek, elongated head and large, upright ears, this breed is a living reminder of ancient Egyptian art motifs. Originating from Spain’s Balearic Islands, the Ibizan Hound was bred to hunt rabbits across rocky terrains. This graceful, athletic dog is as striking as it is historic.

18. American English Coonhound

When not on the hunt, the American English Coonhound is relaxed and easygoing. However, once on the trail, this determined breed is tireless in its pursuit of raccoons. Their high energy, work ethic, and booming, melodious bark can be a challenge for inexperienced owners. With proper training and an active lifestyle, they make loyal and hardworking companions.

19. Stabyhoun

Hailing from Friesland in the Netherlands, the Stabyhoun is a rare treasure, with fewer than 4,000 in existence today. This versatile breed is an excellent hunting and guard dog, prized for its ability to catch pests like moles and rats. Loyal and resourceful, the Stabyhoun is a hard worker and a devoted family companion.

20. Komondor

The Komondor is an iconic Hungarian flock guardian, instantly recognizable by its dramatic white, corded coat that drapes from head to tail. This massive and powerful breed has an unparalleled appearance and was bred to protect livestock. The Komondor’s unique look isn’t just for show—it’s a testament to its centuries-old role as a protector and guardian. From the ancient truffle-hunting Lagotto Romagnolo to the elegant Sloughi, these breeds offer a unique perspective on canine evolution and provide a fascinating opportunity for those seeking a truly special companion.