slow-moving lizards have long thrived in the arid deserts of the American Southwest. But new research suggests that even this hardy species could see its habitat shrink significantly in the face of accelerating climate change.
“We see a much stronger reduction in range for this species,” said Steven Hromada, a postdoctoral scientist at Fresno Chaffee Zoo in Central California.
Now Scientists are racing to make a plan to help the future survival of Gila monsters in the wild.
Climate Models Predict Habitat Loss
The research focused on how extreme warming may alter the future distribution of Heloderma suspectum, the scientific name for Gila monsters. Although these reptiles are well-adapted to drought and desert environments, the study found that sustained high temperatures and shifting precipitation patterns may significantly reduce their available habitat—particularly across the U.S. Southwest.
Gila monsters are already restricted to specific dry regions like the Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan deserts, according to National Geographic. With projections showing hotter and drier conditions, scientists warn that much of the species’ current range may become uninhabitable—potentially pushing the reptiles into slightly higher elevations.
Why Gila Monsters Matter
Gila monsters are one of the few venomous lizard species in the world. Recognized by their beaded skin, stocky build, and striking black-and-orange coloration, these reptiles have long fascinated scientists and desert dwellers alike.
While their bites can be intensely painful—and occasionally lead to hospitalization—they are not typically fatal to humans. According to National Geographic, bites have the ability to cause a multitude of side effects including swelling, intense burning pain, vomiting, dizziness, weakness, rapid heart rate and low blood pressure.
Surprisingly, Gila monster venom has contributed to major medical advances. Proteins in their saliva were instrumental in developing drugs like Ozempic, Wegovy and Rybelsus now widely used for treating diabetes and supporting weight loss. Their unique physiology continues to offer potential insights into human health.
Planning for Conservation Amid Climate Shifts
Despite their toughness, Gila monsters can’t outrun the challenges posed by habitat loss and fragmentation. However, the researchers emphasize that landscape-level conservation planning can still make a difference.
By identifying protected areas and terrain features within both current and projected ranges, wildlife managers can take proactive steps—such as preserving migration corridors, managing land use, and reinforcing high-risk habitat zones.
According to The Wildlife Society, Gila monsters are capable of dispersing to new habitats with more favorable temperatures, but barriers such as roads, cliffs, and urban development can hinder their movement. “Knowing that dispersal is going to limit the habitats this species has in the future is going to be important,” Hromada added.
Looking Ahead
Gila monsters can live for decades, though their true lifespan in the wild remains unknown. What is known is that climate-driven range shifts are happening across species worldwide—and this slow-moving desert lizard may soon find itself running out of room.
As conservationists look to balance biodiversity with a changing planet, species like the Gila monster offer a powerful reminder: even nature’s toughest survivors have limits.
